Plastic is everywhere. In our food packaging, water bottles, clothes, cosmetics, children’s toys and even the sponge sitting by the kitchen sink.
We already know what plastic waste does to the planet, but there’s another side to the story that’s much harder to see: the chemicals used to make plastic flexible, durable, colourful or water-resistant.
Some of these are known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). They can interfere with the hormones that help regulate everything, from growth and metabolism to fertility and reproduction. Research has linked exposure to some EDCs with reproductive, developmental and metabolic health problems, although scientists are still working to understand the effects of different chemicals, doses and combinations.
That's worrying, but this isn’t about panicking, emptying every cupboard or throwing away everything plastic overnight. It’s about knowing where exposure can happen and making a few sensible swaps when something needs replacing.
What are endocrine-disrupting chemicals?
Our hormones act as tiny chemical messengers, helping to control many of the body’s essential processes. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can mimic, block or alter those signals.
Two of the best-known groups found in everyday plastics are:
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Bisphenols, including BPA, which have been used to make hard plastics and epoxy resins, including the linings of some food and drink cans.
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Phthalates, which are used to make plastics softer and more flexible and can also be found in some fragrances, cosmetics and household products.
The tricky bit is that these chemicals aren’t always firmly bound to the material. Over time, they can migrate out of packaging and other products, entering food, household dust or the air around us. We may then be exposed by eating, breathing or through skin contact.
And a “BPA-free” label doesn’t necessarily tell the whole story. BPA may be replaced with related chemicals such as BPS or BPF, which are also being studied for possible hormone-disrupting effects.
Where might you find them at home?
EDCs aren’t limited to one type of plastic or one room. Common sources include:
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Plastic food containers and drinks bottles
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The linings of some tins and cans
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Cling film and other flexible food packaging
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Takeaway cups and lids
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Scented cosmetics, air fresheners and fragranced household products
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PVC items and some synthetic furnishings
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Thermal paper receipts
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Household dust, where chemicals released from products can settle
This doesn’t mean every plastic product poses the same risk, or that occasional contact will make you ill. Exposure depends on the chemical, the amount, the way an item is used and how often you come into contact with it.
Does heat make a difference?
Yes. Heat, wear and prolonged contact can increase the movement of chemicals from some plastics into food or drink. That’s why one of the simplest changes is to avoid heating food in plastic, even if the container is labelled microwave-safe.
Seven easy ways to reduce your exposure
You don’t need a dramatic “plastic detox”. Start with the changes that are easiest and most relevant to your household.
1. Don’t heat food in plastic
Use glass, ceramic or another heat-safe non-plastic container in the microwave and avoid pouring boiling liquids into plastic unless the product is specifically designed for that use.
2. Store hot and fatty foods carefully
Heat can increase chemical migration, while fatty foods may absorb some plastic-associated chemicals more readily. Let food cool before putting it into plastic, or choose glass or stainless steel storage.
3. Choose loose or simply packaged food when practical
You don’t have to eliminate packaged food. But choosing loose fruit and veg, glass jars or less heavily processed options can reduce the amount of plastic your food touches.
4. Decant cupboard staples
Rice, pasta, oats and other dry goods can be transferred into glass jars or stainless steel containers, particularly if they’ll be stored for a long time. Reuse what you already own before buying a matching pantry worthy of social media.
5. Be fragrance-aware
Some phthalates are used in fragranced products and may be hidden under the general term “parfum” or “fragrance”. You don’t need to give up every scent you love, but choosing fragrance-free options for products you use frequently can reduce one source of exposure.
6. Say no to receipts you don’t need
Thermal paper may contain bisphenols. Choose a digital receipt when offered and wash your hands before preparing food after handling lots of receipts.
7. Keep dust under control
Regular vacuuming, damp dusting and opening windows can help remove dust where chemicals from household products may accumulate. Glamorous? No. Useful? Yes.
Don’t bin everything plastic today
Replacing perfectly usable belongings all at once creates more waste and more expense. A more realistic approach is to swap things gradually, prioritising plastics that come into contact with hot food and drink, items that are worn or damaged, and products you use every day.
Small changes repeated across a household can make a meaningful difference without turning life upside down.
Start with the sink.
One of the easiest places to begin is with the cleaning tools you replace regularly.
Many conventional sponges, scourers and cloths are made from plastic. As they wear down, they can shed microplastics into your washing-up water and eventually into our waterways and food chain.
At Seep, we make high-performing cleaning tools from natural and renewable materials, without the hidden plastic.
Explore Seep’s plastic-free cleaning tools